CIR in plain terms
The Cableway Installations Regulation (CIR), formally Regulation (EU) 2016/424, is the EU’s safety law for installations that carry people by cable: cable cars and gondolas, chairlifts, drag lifts and funicular railways. It has two layers. It lays down rules on the making available on the market and the free movement of subsystems and safety components for cableway installations, and it contains rules on the design, construction and entry into service of new cableway installations (Art. 1). Subsystems and safety components may be made available only if they comply with the regulation (Art. 4), Member States may not impede compliant ones (Art. 7), and the installations themselves may enter into service only if they comply and are not liable to endanger persons or property (Art. 5).
The regulation replaced Directive 2000/9/EC on 21 April 2018 (Art. 47). As a regulation it applies directly in every Member State, but it deliberately leaves the authorisation of construction and entry into service, the operation of installations and the identity of the person responsible for the installation to national procedures (Art. 8, Art. 9 and Art. 10).
Official text Read the regulation on EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2016/424 (CELEX 32016R0424), or the consolidated text of 29 May 2026 that includes the internal market emergency procedures.
Scope
The regulation applies to new cableway installations designed to transport persons, to modifications of cableway installations requiring a new authorisation, and to subsystems and safety components for cableway installations (Art. 2(1)). A cableway installation is a whole on-site system of infrastructure and subsystems, designed, constructed, assembled and put into service to transport persons, where the traction is provided by cables positioned along the line of travel (Art. 3, point (1)). Three types are defined: the cable car, whose carriers are suspended from and propelled by one or more cables; the drag lift, where passengers with appropriate equipment are towed along a prepared track; and the funicular railway, whose carriers are hauled by ropes along a track on the ground or on fixed structures (Art. 3, points (7) to (9)).
Article 2(2) lists what falls outside: (a) lifts covered by Directive 2014/33/EU; (b) cableway installations categorised by Member States as historic, cultural or heritage installations that entered into service before 1 January 1986, are still in operation and have had no significant changes in design or construction, including subsystems and safety components specifically designed for them; (c) installations intended for agricultural or forestry purposes; (d) cableway installations for the service of mountain shelters and huts intended only for the transport of goods and specifically designated persons; (e) on-site or mobile equipment exclusively designed for leisure and amusement purposes and not as a means for transporting persons; (f) mining installations or other industrial on-site installations used for industrial activities; and (g) installations in which the users or their carriers are waterborne. A ropeway built only to carry goods is not a cableway installation at all, because the definition requires the objective of transporting persons.
A subsystem is a system listed in Annex I, or a combination of them, intended to be incorporated into an installation (Art. 3, point (2)). Annex I divides an installation into infrastructure and six subsystem groups: cables and cable connections; drives and brakes; mechanical equipment (cable winding gear, station machinery, line engineering); vehicles (cabins, seats or drag devices, suspension gear, driving gear, connections to the cable); electrotechnical devices (monitoring, control and safety devices, communication and information equipment, lightning protection); and rescue equipment (fixed and mobile). A safety component is any component or device intended to be incorporated into a subsystem or an installation to ensure a safety function, the failure of which endangers the safety or health of passengers, operating personnel or third parties (Art. 3, point (4)). Infrastructure, the station and line structures built on site for each installation, is covered by the essential requirements but is not a product placed on the market (Art. 3, point (3), and Art. 6).
The duties fall on the economic operators for subsystems and safety components, namely the manufacturer, the authorised representative, the importer and the distributor (Art. 3, points (13) to (17)), and on the person responsible for the cableway installation, whom each Member State determines under national law (Art. 8(1)). A manufacturer is whoever manufactures a subsystem or safety component, or has it designed or manufactured, and markets it under his name or trade mark or incorporates it into a cableway installation (Art. 3, point (13)); an importer or distributor that sells under its own brand or modifies a product in a way that may affect compliance takes on the manufacturer’s obligations (Art. 15). In Denmark the person responsible for the installation is the building owner, bygherren (executive order nr. 2517 of 14 December 2021, § 5).
What you must do
Safety analysis, safety report and authorisation
Every planned installation needs a safety analysis, carried out or commissioned by the person responsible for the installation. It must take into account all envisaged modes of operation, follow a recognised or established method, reflect the state of the art and the complexity of the installation, ensure that the design and configuration take account of the local surroundings and the most adverse situations, cover all safety aspects of the installation and its external factors in design, construction and entry into service, and make it possible to identify from past experience the risks liable to occur in operation (Art. 8(1) and (2)). It also covers the safety devices, which must react to a detected failure by remaining in a safe state, a lower operating mode or a fail-safe state, be redundant and monitored, or have a failure probability that can be evaluated to an equivalent standard (Art. 8(3)). The analysis produces the inventory of risks and dangerous situations, the measures to deal with them and the list of subsystems and safety components to be incorporated, and its result goes into a safety report (Art. 8(4) and (5)).
Each Member State lays down procedures for authorising the construction and entry into service of installations on its territory. The person responsible submits the safety report, the EU declarations of conformity and the other conformity documents for the subsystems and safety components, and the documentation on the characteristics of the installation, including the conditions and restrictions on operation and full details for servicing, supervision, adjustment and maintenance; a copy is kept at the installation (Art. 9(1) and (2)). Modifications of important characteristics, subsystems or safety components that require a new authorisation must satisfy the essential requirements in their repercussions on the whole installation (Art. 9(3)). Member States may not use these procedures to hinder compliant installations or the free movement of compliant subsystems and safety components (Art. 9(4) and (5)), and an installation stays in operation only if it complies with the conditions in the safety report (Art. 10). In Denmark the building owner applies to Erhvervsstyrelsen for approval before the installation is put into use, sends the safety report, the EU declaration of conformity, the other conformity documents and the documentation on the characteristics of the installation no later than the start of construction — the first three in Danish or English — and applies again for every significant modification, though not for minor changes that keep the scope and the integrity of the installation so that it still complies with the rules that applied when it was originally built (executive order nr. 2517, §§ 6 to 8, as amended by executive order nr. 490 of 28 May 2026).
Essential requirements and harmonised standards
Installations, their infrastructure, subsystems and safety components must meet the essential requirements of Annex II that apply to them (Art. 6). Annex II starts with general requirements: the safety of passengers, operating personnel and third parties is fundamental; risks are eliminated by design, then protected against, then addressed by stated precautions, in that order; installations, subsystems and safety components are dimensioned to withstand all foreseeable stresses including dynamic effects and fatigue; safety components are designed so that assembly mistakes are impossible and their failure highly improbable; fire and lightning are addressed; safety devices detect and process defects, the installation can always be shut down manually and cannot be restarted after a safety shutdown without appropriate action; and maintainability and nuisance limits apply (Annex II, section 2). Sections 3 to 7 add requirements for infrastructure (layout, speed, distance between vehicles, stations and line structures), for cables, drives and brakes (two or more braking systems except on drag lifts, a standby drive unless the safety analysis shows it is unnecessary), control and communication devices, vehicles and towing devices (no passenger can fall out, doors that close and lock, anti-derailment and track brakes where the risk cannot be excluded), equipment for passengers and operating personnel, and operability, including an instruction manual in the language of the Member State where the installation is built, qualified operating staff and rescue of passengers within a set time when the installation is immobilised.
Subsystems and safety components that conform to harmonised standards, or parts of them, whose references are published in the Official Journal are presumed to conform to the essential requirements those standards cover (Art. 17); the same presumption applies to installations (Art. 5(3)). The Commission publishes the list of harmonised standards for cableway installations and an application guide on its cableways page.
Conformity assessment with a notified body
Before placing a subsystem or safety component on the market, the manufacturer submits it to one of the Article 18 procedures, at its own choice: EU-type examination (Module B, production type, Annex III) combined with conformity to type based on quality assurance of the production process (Module D, Annex IV) or with conformity to type based on subsystem or safety component verification (Module F, Annex V); conformity based on unit verification (Module G, Annex VI); or conformity based on full quality assurance plus design examination (Module H1, Annex VII). Every route involves a notified body. Under Module B the body examines the technical documentation and a representative specimen and issues an EU-type examination certificate valid for at most 30 years (Annex III, point 6); under Module D it approves and audits the production quality system at least every two years (Annex IV, point 4.3); under Module F it examines and tests every unit or statistical lots and issues certificates of conformity (Annex V, points 4 and 5); under Module G it verifies each unit (Annex VI); and under Module H1 it approves the full quality system, examines the design and issues an EU design examination certificate, with a full reassessment every three years (Annex VII, points 3.6 and 4.3). Records and correspondence are drawn up in an official language of the Member State where the notified body is established or in a language it accepts (Art. 18(3)).
The technical documentation of Annex VIII must make it possible to assess conformity and include an adequate analysis and assessment of the risks, a general description, design and manufacturing drawings and diagrams with the explanations needed to understand them, the list of harmonised standards applied in full or in part or the solutions adopted instead, the supporting evidence for the design including calculations and test reports, a copy of the instructions and, for subsystems, copies of the EU declarations of conformity for the safety components incorporated.
EU declaration of conformity and CE marking
The EU declaration of conformity states that the fulfilment of the Annex II essential requirements has been demonstrated, follows the Annex IX model, contains the elements of the module used, is continuously updated, accompanies the subsystem or safety component and is translated into the languages required by the Member State where the product is placed or made available; where other Union acts also require a declaration, a single declaration covers them all (Art. 19). The CE marking is subject to the general principles of Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 (Art. 20) and is affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the product or its data plate, or to the packaging and documents where the nature of the product does not allow it, before placing on the market, and is followed by the identification number of the notified body involved in the production control phase (Art. 21).
Obligations by role
Manufacturers design and manufacture to the essential requirements, draw up the technical documentation, run the conformity assessment, draw up the declaration and affix the CE marking, keep the documentation and declaration for 30 years, keep series production in conformity with sample testing and a complaints register where the risks warrant it, mark the product with an identifier and their name and address, supply the declaration, instructions and safety information in the required language, take corrective action and inform the authorities of risks, and cooperate on request (Art. 11). An authorised representative acts under a written mandate that must at least cover keeping the declaration and documentation for 30 years, providing information and cooperating with the authorities, and cannot take over the design duties or the drawing up of the technical documentation (Art. 12). Importers place only compliant products on the market, verify the manufacturer’s work, add their own name and address, ensure instructions in the required language, protect the product in storage and transport, take corrective action and keep the declaration for 30 years (Art. 13). Distributors verify the CE marking, documents, language and markings before making a product available, protect it in storage and transport and see that corrective action is taken (Art. 14). Importers and distributors that sell under their own brand or modify a product become manufacturers (Art. 15), and every operator identifies its suppliers and the operators and persons responsible for installations it supplied for 30 years (Art. 16).
Emergency procedures from 29 May 2026
Regulation (EU) 2024/2748 inserted Chapter Va. Articles 43b to 43e apply only to subsystems and safety components designated as crisis-relevant goods, only while an internal market emergency mode under Regulation (EU) 2024/2747 is active and only after the Commission has adopted the activating implementing act (Art. 43a). During such a period notified bodies process applications for the listed products as a matter of priority (Art. 43b); a Member State may authorise, on a justified request, the placing on the market or incorporation of a specific product for which the notified-body procedure has not been carried out but compliance with Annex II has been demonstrated otherwise, with the product bearing the information that it is placed on the market as a crisis-relevant good and no CE marking (Art. 43c); the Commission may list standards or establish common specifications that give a presumption of conformity (Art. 43d); and Member States prioritise market surveillance of the listed products and assist one another (Art. 43e).
Enforcement and penalties
Market surveillance of subsystems and safety components follows Article 39, which applies Article 15(3) and Articles 16 to 29 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008; those articles were repealed by Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 with effect from 16 July 2021 and the regulation is listed in point 61 of Annex I to that regulation, so the reference is read as Regulation (EU) 2019/1020. Where an authority has sufficient reason to believe that a subsystem or safety component presents a risk to persons or property, it evaluates the product, requires corrective action, withdrawal or recall within a period commensurate with the risk, informs the notified body and, if the operator does not act, prohibits or restricts the making available, withdraws or recalls the product and informs the Commission and the other Member States (Art. 40). Article 40(1) also declares Article 21 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 applicable to those measures; that article is one of the provisions repealed by Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and is read as the corresponding provisions of that regulation, while Article 30 on the CE marking, referred to in Articles 20 and 43(1)(a), remains in force. The Commission decides disputed national measures through the Union safeguard procedure (Art. 41), compliant products that still present a risk can be treated the same way (Art. 42), and formal non-compliance, such as CE marking or the notified-body number missing or wrongly affixed, a missing or incorrect declaration, incomplete technical documentation or missing identification and address information, must be ended and otherwise leads to restriction, prohibition, withdrawal or recall (Art. 43). A Member State that finds an authorised installation liable to endanger persons or property restricts or prohibits its operation (Art. 10(2)).
Penalties are set nationally: Member States lay down effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for infringements by economic operators, which may include criminal penalties for serious infringements and may be increased for repeat infringements (Art. 45). In Denmark, the regulation is supplemented by executive order nr. 2517 of 14 December 2021 on cableway installations, in force since 1 January 2022 and amended by executive order nr. 490 of 28 May 2026 with effect from 30 May 2026. It makes the building owner the person responsible, requires approval before entry into service and after significant modifications, requires instructions and safety information in Danish, and punishes breaches with a fine unless a higher penalty is due under other legislation; for breaches of the entry-into-service and market rules and of the language requirements (§§ 3, 4 and 8) the penalty can rise to imprisonment for up to 2 years under aggravating circumstances such as a danger to safety or health, an accident with serious injury or death, a repeat offence, a systematic infringement for financial gain or an attempt to evade the control authority (§ 13). Since 30 May 2026 the order names Erhvervsstyrelsen throughout, and a new § 8, stk. 2, requires a subsystem or safety component covered by an extended Article 43c(2) authorisation to carry the ‘crisis-relevant good’ information in Danish or English. Sikkerhedsstyrelsen took over the area from Arbejdstilsynet on 1 December 2018 and became a department of Erhvervsstyrelsen (the Danish Business Authority) named Markedsovervågning in January 2026; Erhvervsstyrelsen is the control authority under the Danish product act, which lists the cableway regulation in § 2, stk. 1, nr. 39, and it designates the Danish notified bodies, which must be accredited by DANAK. Arbejdstilsynet remains the control authority for installations made to order or imported for offshore oil and gas activities under the offshore safety act.
Related guides
How Conphora helps
Conphora monitors the Cableway Installations Regulation and its harmonised standards and maps your subsystems and safety components against the Annex II essential requirements, flagging gaps in the technical documentation, the notified-body module, the EU declaration of conformity, the CE marking with the notified-body number and the markings before they become enforcement problems. The platform helps you keep the 30-year records for documentation, declarations, certificates and supplier and customer traceability, and alerts you when a standard, the regulation or the Danish executive order changes.
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Sources
- Regulation (EU) 2016/424 on cableway installations, consolidated text of 29 May 2026 (EUR-Lex)
- Regulation (EU) 2016/424 as published in OJ L 81, 31 March 2016 (EUR-Lex)
- Document information, dates and relationships for CELEX 32016R0424 (EUR-Lex)
- Regulation (EU) 2024/2748 on emergency procedures for the conformity assessment and market surveillance of products (EUR-Lex)
- Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 on market surveillance and compliance of products (EUR-Lex)
- Cableways (European Commission, DG GROW)
- Bekendtgørelse nr. 2517 af 14. december 2021 om tovbaneanlæg (Retsinformation)
- Bekendtgørelse nr. 490 af 28. maj 2026 om ændring af bekendtgørelse om tovbaneanlæg (Retsinformation)
- Regulation (EU) 2016/424 application guide (European Commission, docsroom)
- Bekendtgørelse af lov om produkter og markedsovervågning, LBK nr. 22 af 8. januar 2026 (Retsinformation)
- Regler for tovbaner (Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, Erhvervsstyrelsen Markedsovervågning)
- Kontrol med elevatorer og tovbaner (Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, Erhvervsstyrelsen Markedsovervågning)
- Sikkerhedsstyrelsen skal markedsovervåge produkter på maskinområdet, 21 November 2018 (Sikkerhedsstyrelsen)
This guide is for general information and is not legal advice.