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PyroD CE / Product Safety 12 min

PyroD: Pyrotechnic Articles Directive (Directive 2013/29/EU), explained

The Pyrotechnic Articles Directive sets safety requirements for fireworks, theatrical and other pyrotechnics, which manufacturers categorise, have a notified body assess, label and CE-mark, checked by importers and distributors. It replaced Directive 2007/23/EC on 1 July 2015, and the harmonised standards for F1 to F3 fireworks conferred a presumption of conformity only until 24 March 2025.

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Reviewed 24 September 2026 by Conphora compliance team · Next review 13 March 2027 · Not legal advice

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Who it applies to

Covered by the act

  • All pyrotechnic articles, that is any article containing explosive substances or an explosive mixture of substances designed to produce heat, light, sound, gas or smoke, or a combination of those effects, through self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions
  • Fireworks of categories F1, F2, F3 and F4, from indoor party items and garden fireworks to professional display shells
  • Theatrical pyrotechnic articles of categories T1 and T2 for indoor or outdoor stage use, including film and television productions
  • Other pyrotechnic articles of categories P1 and P2, including ignition devices, electric igniters and fuses
  • Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles: components of safety devices in vehicles containing pyrotechnic substances used to activate those or other devices, such as airbag and seat-belt pretensioner gas generators, micro gas generators, igniters and actuators
  • The economic operators in the chain: manufacturers, importers and distributors, and, through Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, the responsible economic operator established in the Union

Derived and downstream products

  • The directive names only three economic operators, the manufacturer, the importer and the distributor, and has no authorised representative of its own; the responsible economic operator established in the Union, which may be an authorised representative or a fulfilment service provider, comes from Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, which lists the directive in its Article 4(5) (Art. 3, point 12; Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art. 4(1) and (5))
  • Conformity assessment always involves a notified body, and the notified body also confirms the manufacturer's categorisation and assigns the registration number that identifies the article and its manufacturer (Art. 6(1), Art. 9(1), Art. 17 and Art. 33(3))
  • Member States may still prohibit or restrict the possession, use or sale to the general public of category F2 and F3 fireworks, theatrical pyrotechnic articles and other pyrotechnic articles on grounds of public order, security, health and safety or environmental protection, and may raise the age limits; Denmark has used both options (Art. 4(2) and Art. 7(2); executive order nr. 1799/2021, § 3 and § 5; executive order nr. 1798/2021, § 25)
  • The references to the EN 15947:2015 series applied only until 24 March 2025, so from 25 March 2025 no harmonised standard confers a presumption of conformity on fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3: the EN 15947:2015 series was withdrawn and the EN 15947:2022 series was not cited, so conformity with Annex I must be demonstrated directly to the notified body (Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337, Art. 1 and Art. 2 with Annexes I and II)
  • An importer or distributor that places an article on the market under its own name or trademark, or modifies an article already placed on the market so that compliance may be affected, is treated as the manufacturer (Art. 14)
  • Non-conforming articles may be shown and used at trade fairs, exhibitions and demonstrations behind a visible sign, and may be freely moved and used for research, development and testing under a visible sign, but they may not be sold until brought into conformity (Art. 4(3) and Art. 4(4))

Roles under the act

Manufacturer (including brand owners)

A natural or legal person who manufactures a pyrotechnic article, or has such an article designed or manufactured, and markets that pyrotechnic article under his name or trademark; an importer or distributor that places an article on the market under its own name or trademark, or modifies an article already placed on the market so that compliance may be affected, is treated as the manufacturer.

Source · Art. 3, point 9, and Art. 14
Importer

Any natural or legal person established within the Union who places a pyrotechnic article from a third country on the Union market.

Source · Art. 3, point 10
Distributor (wholesaler, retailer or display company supplying articles)

Any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, who makes a pyrotechnic article available on the market.

Source · Art. 3, point 11
Fulfilment service provider acting as the responsible operator

A provider of warehousing, packaging, addressing and dispatching services that becomes the economic operator established in the Union responsible for a pyrotechnic article under Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 when there is no manufacturer, importer or authorised representative established in the Union; the directive itself does not name this role.

Source · Art. 3, point 11, Art. 4(1) and Art. 4(5)
Authorised representative under Regulation (EU) 2019/1020

A natural or legal person established in the Union with a written mandate from the manufacturer to perform the tasks of Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 on its behalf; the directive itself names only the manufacturer, the importer and the distributor as economic operators and gives no role to an authorised representative.

Source · Art. 4(2)(c) and Art. 5Source · Art. 3, point 12

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Does PyroD apply to your product?

Three questions, a first answer from the regulation’s own scope rules. No account needed.

The rules behind this check
  1. Pyrotechnic articles intended for non-commercial use by the armed forces, the police or fire departments, Pyrotechnic articles intended for use in the aerospace industry, Percussion caps intended specifically for toys, Ammunition: projectiles, propelling charges and blank ammunition used in portable firearms, other guns and artillery · any · any Not in scope Article 2(2) excludes pyrotechnic articles intended for non-commercial use by the armed forces, the police or fire departments in accordance with national law, articles intended for use in the aerospace industry, percussion caps intended specifically for toys within the scope of the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC, and ammunition, defined as projectiles, propelling charges and blank ammunition used in portable firearms, other guns and artillery. The exclusion is from the whole directive, not from single requirements; other Union or national law, such as the Toy Safety Directive for the toy itself or weapons law for ammunition, still applies. Source · Art. 2(2)(a), (c), (d) and (f), and Art. 3, point 5
  2. Equipment falling within the scope of the marine equipment rules for ships · any · any Not in scope Article 2(2)(b) excludes equipment falling within the scope of Directive 96/98/EC on marine equipment. That directive was replaced by the Marine Equipment Directive 2014/90/EU, which has applied since 18 September 2016, so the exclusion is read as covering equipment within the scope of Directive 2014/90/EU; such equipment carries the wheel mark instead of the CE marking. In Denmark the same exclusion is written as equipment covered by the safety requirements for ships' equipment under lov om sikkerhed til søs. Source · Art. 2(2)(b)Source · Art. 1 and Art. 45Source · § 1, stk. 2, nr. 2
  3. Explosives for civil uses, such as blasting explosives and detonators · any · any Not in scope Article 2(2)(e) excludes explosives falling within the scope of Directive 93/15/EEC. That directive was replaced by the Civil Explosives Directive 2014/28/EU, which has applied since 20 April 2016, so the exclusion is read as covering explosives for civil uses within the scope of Directive 2014/28/EU, which has its own conformity assessment, unique identification, licensing and transfer regime. Directive 2014/28/EU in turn excludes pyrotechnic articles covered by this directive, so the two regimes do not overlap. Source · Art. 2(2)(e)Source · Art. 1, Art. 2 and Art. 51
  4. Fireworks built by a manufacturer for his own use, approved for use only on the territory of the Member State where he is established and remaining there · any · any Not in scope Article 2(2)(g) excludes fireworks built by a manufacturer for his own use, approved for use exclusively on its territory by the Member State in which the manufacturer is established, and which remain on the territory of that Member State. All three conditions must hold at once; as soon as such fireworks are supplied to anyone else or cross a border they are made available on the market and the directive applies in full. Source · Art. 2(2)(g) and Art. 3, points 7 and 8
  5. Fireworks of categories F1 and F2, such as indoor party items, sparklers, fountains and garden fireworks for confined outdoor areas, Fireworks of category F3, medium hazard, intended for outdoor use in large open areas, Fireworks of category F4, high hazard, for use only by persons with specialist knowledge, Theatrical pyrotechnic articles of categories T1 and T2 for indoor or outdoor stage, film and television use, Other pyrotechnic articles of categories P1 and P2, including ignition devices, electric igniters and fuses · Manufacturer (including brand owners), Importer, Distributor (wholesaler, retailer or display company supplying articles) · any In scope Fireworks, theatrical pyrotechnic articles and other pyrotechnic articles are in scope with no company-size threshold. The manufacturer categorises the article by type of use, purpose and hazard level including noise, designs and manufactures it to the Annex I essential safety requirements, has a notified body carry out module B plus module C2, D or E, or module G, or module H for category F4 fireworks, labels the article with the registration number the body assigns, draws up the EU declaration of conformity, affixes the CE marking and applies the Article 10 labelling; importers and distributors verify that this has been done. No one may make F1 fireworks available to anyone under 12, F2 under 16, F3 under 18, or T1 and P1 under 18, and F4, T2 and P2 only to persons with specialist knowledge. In Denmark only F1 and F2 count as consumer fireworks, the age limits are 18 and 15 for F1, other P1 articles may only be sold to persons aged 18 or over, and F3, F4, T1 and T2 may only be used by approved fest- or scenefyrværkere. Source · Art. 2(1), Art. 6, Art. 7, Art. 8, Art. 9, Art. 10, Art. 12, Art. 13, Art. 17, Art. 18 and Art. 20Source · § 3, § 4 and § 5Source · § 25 and § 28 a
  6. Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles, such as airbag and seat-belt pretensioner gas generators, micro gas generators, igniters and actuators · Manufacturer (including brand owners), Importer, Distributor (wholesaler, retailer or display company supplying articles) · any In scope Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles are components of safety devices in vehicles containing pyrotechnic substances used to activate those or other devices. They follow the same essential requirements, conformity assessment, registration number and CE marking rules, but their labelling is the shorter list of Article 11, the manufacturer information, the name and type, the registration number with the product, batch or serial number and, where necessary, safety instructions, placed on the packaging where there is no room on the article; a REACH safety data sheet drawn up for professional users must be supplied to them in the language they request. Category P1 articles for vehicles, including airbag and seat-belt pretensioner systems, may not be made available to the general public unless they have been incorporated in a vehicle or a detachable vehicle part. Source · Art. 3, point 4, Art. 7(4), Art. 9 and Art. 11
  7. Fireworks of categories F1 and F2, such as indoor party items, sparklers, fountains and garden fireworks for confined outdoor areas, Fireworks of category F3, medium hazard, intended for outdoor use in large open areas, Fireworks of category F4, high hazard, for use only by persons with specialist knowledge, Theatrical pyrotechnic articles of categories T1 and T2 for indoor or outdoor stage, film and television use, Other pyrotechnic articles of categories P1 and P2, including ignition devices, electric igniters and fuses, Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles, such as airbag and seat-belt pretensioner gas generators, micro gas generators, igniters and actuators · Fulfilment service provider acting as the responsible operator, Authorised representative under Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 · any It depends The directive gives no duties to a fulfilment service provider or an authorised representative; it recognises only the manufacturer, the importer and the distributor. Duties arise through Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, which lists the directive in Article 4(5) and requires that a pyrotechnic article be placed on the market only if an economic operator established in the Union is responsible for it. That is the manufacturer or importer where one is established in the Union; only where neither is does an authorised representative under a written mandate, and after that a fulfilment service provider, take on the Article 4(3) tasks. Source · Art. 4(1), (2), (3) and (5), and Art. 5Source · Art. 3, point 12
  8. Non-conforming articles shown or used at a trade fair, exhibition or demonstration, or made for research, development and testing · any · any It depends Articles that do not conform may still be shown and used at trade fairs, exhibitions and demonstrations for the marketing of pyrotechnic articles, provided a visible sign states the name and date of the event and the non-conformity and non-availability for sale until brought into conformity, and appropriate safety measures are taken in accordance with the requirements of the competent authority. Non-conforming articles manufactured for research, development and testing may be moved and used freely under a visible sign stating their non-conformity and non-availability for other purposes. Neither derogation permits sale; in Denmark the use at such events must follow the national order on import, manufacture, storage, transfer, acquisition and use. Source · Art. 4(3) and Art. 4(4)Source · § 9
  9. Article conforming to Directive 2007/23/EC and placed on the market before 1 July 2015 · any · any It depends Member States may not impede the making available of pyrotechnic articles that conform to Directive 2007/23/EC and were placed on the market before 1 July 2015, and certificates issued under that directive remain valid under this one. The national authorisations that accompanied such articles have run out except for vehicle articles: authorisations for categories F1, F2 and F3 granted before 4 July 2010 and for other articles, category F4 and theatrical articles granted before 4 July 2013 lapsed at their expiry date or on 4 July 2017 at the latest, while authorisations for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles granted before 4 July 2013 run until their own expiry. New production, and any article modified so that compliance may be affected, must meet Directive 2013/29/EU. Source · Art. 14 and Art. 46(1) to (5)
  10. any · any · any It depends Whether the directive applies turns on whether the article contains explosive substances or an explosive mixture designed to produce heat, light, sound, gas or smoke through self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions, whether it falls under one of the seven exclusions in Article 2(2), when it was placed on the market and which role you hold in the supply chain. Source · Art. 2, Art. 3 and Art. 46

Key dates

  1. Directive 2013/29/EU adopted by the European Parliament and the Council as a recast of Directive 2007/23/EC aligned with the New Legislative Framework Source · title and signature block after Art. 50
  2. Entry into force, the day following publication in OJ L 178 of 28 June 2013 Source · Art. 49, first paragraph
  3. Member States apply the measures transposing point 4 of Annex I, the rule on detonative explosives, and point 4 of Annex I to Directive 2007/23/EC is repealed with effect from the same date Source · Art. 47(2) and Art. 48, second paragraph
  4. Deadline for Member States to adopt and publish the provisions transposing point 4 of Annex I Source · Art. 47(2)
  5. Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU on the traceability system enters into force, the twentieth day after publication in OJ L 115 of 17 April 2014; it sets the uniform registration number format and the notified bodies' public register Source · Art. 1, Art. 2 and Art. 5
  6. Deadline for Member States to adopt and publish the provisions transposing Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU Source · Art. 4(1), first subparagraph
  7. Deadline for Member States to adopt and publish the laws transposing the main body of the directive, points 7, 12, 13 and 15 to 22 of Article 3, Article 4(1), Article 5, Article 7(4), Article 8(2) to (9), Article 9, Article 10(2), Article 11(1) and (3), Articles 12 to 16, Articles 18 to 29, Articles 31 to 35, Article 37, Article 38(1) and (2), Articles 39 to 42, Article 45, Article 46 and Annexes I, II and III Source · Art. 47(1), first subparagraph
  8. National measures apply; Article 1, Article 2, most of Article 3, Article 4(2) to (4), Articles 6 and 7(1) to (3), Article 8(1), Article 10(1), (3) and (4), Article 11(2), Articles 17, 30 and 36, Article 38(3), Articles 43 and 44 and Annexes IV and V apply directly; Directive 2007/23/EC is repealed and articles conforming to it and placed on the market before this date may still be made available Source · Art. 46(1), Art. 47(1), Art. 48 and Art. 49, second paragraph
  9. Member States apply the traceability provisions of Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU: the XXXX-YY-ZZZZ registration number, the notified bodies' public register and the 10-year records kept by manufacturers and importers Source · Art. 1, Art. 2, Art. 3 and Art. 4(1), second subparagraph
  10. Last date on which national authorisations granted before 4 July 2010 for fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3 and before 4 July 2013 for other pyrotechnic articles, category F4 fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnic articles remain valid, unless they expired earlier; authorisations for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles, including spare parts, granted before 4 July 2013 continue until their own expiry Source · Art. 46(2), Art. 46(3) and Art. 46(4)
  11. Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 applies: it replaces the market surveillance articles of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 that Article 38(2) cites, lists the directive as point 45 of its Annex I and, under Article 4, requires an economic operator established in the Union for every pyrotechnic article placed on the market Source · Art. 4(5), Art. 39, Art. 44 and Annex I point 45
  12. Danish executive orders nr. 1799 and nr. 1798 of 9 September 2021 in force: nr. 1799 transposes the directive and the traceability implementing directive and repeals order nr. 1423 of 16 December 2009, nr. 1798 carries the national rules on import, manufacture, storage, transfer, acquisition and use Source · § 60Source · § 1
  13. Danish tightening in force: the statutory period in which consumer fireworks may be used narrows from 27 December to 1 January down to 31 December and 1 January, other pyrotechnic articles of category P1 may only be sold to persons aged 18 or over, and retail outlets and approved fest- or scenefyrværkere may use consumer fireworks from 27 to 30 December only to demonstrate articles as part of the sale; executive order nr. 729 of 12 June 2024 amends order nr. 1799/2021 at the same time, extending the fine provision to breaches of its § 17 and aligning the sales rule with the new § 28 a Source · § 1, nr. 1 and § 10, stk. 1Source · § 1, nr. 2, 4 and 5, and § 2
  14. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 enters into force on the day of its publication and replaces the list of harmonised standards for pyrotechnic articles, repealing Communication 2017/C 149/01 Source · Art. 1, Art. 2 and Art. 3
  15. The references listed in Annex II to Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 stop conferring a presumption of conformity: the EN 15947:2015 series for fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3 and the terminology standards EN ISO 14451-1:2013, EN 16256-1:2012 and EN 16261-1:2012 are withdrawn, leaving no cited harmonised standard for consumer fireworks Source · Art. 2, second paragraph, Annex I and Annex II
  16. The Commission publishes its evaluation of the directive: effective, efficient and relevant overall, but with problems around dangerous fireworks on the market, mail-order sales, traceability and transfer, and animal welfare; no revision is decided Source
  17. Danish transition ends: category F3 fireworks that counted as consumer fireworks under the 2009 order may no longer be made available to consumers in Denmark Source · § 61
  18. Sikkerhedsstyrelsen becomes the department Markedsovervågning of Erhvervsstyrelsen and continues the same tasks, including the control of pyrotechnic articles and the designation of notified bodies SourceSource · § 9

What you must do

Obligations by role

Manufacturer (including brand owners)20
  • Categorise each article by its type of use, or its purpose and level of hazard including noise level, into F1, F2, F3 or F4 for fireworks, T1 or T2 for theatrical articles and P1 or P2 for other articles. Art. 6(1)
  • Design and manufacture each article to the Annex I essential safety requirements for its category, including performance, safe disposal, correct functioning, the ban on detonative explosives, the minimum safety distances and the 120 dB (A, imp) noise limit. Art. 8(1) and Annex I
  • Draw up the Annex II technical documentation: a general description, design and manufacturing drawings with explanations, the harmonised standards or other solutions applied, design calculations, examinations and test reports. Art. 8(2) and Annex II
  • Include in the technical documentation an adequate analysis and assessment of the risks the article presents. Art. 8(2) and Annex II
  • Have the Article 17 conformity assessment carried out by a notified body: module B followed by C2, D or E, or module G, or module H for category F4 fireworks only. Art. 8(2), Art. 17 and Annex II
  • Label the article with the registration number assigned by the notified body that carried out the conformity assessment, written XXXX-YY-ZZZZ (body number, category, processing number). Art. 9(1)Art. 1
  • Keep records of the registration numbers of the articles you make available, with trade name, generic type and subtype and site of manufacture, for at least 10 years after placing on the market; hand them to the authorities on reasoned request or when you cease activity. Art. 9(2)Art. 3
  • Draw up the EU declaration of conformity following Annex III, keep it continuously updated, translate it into the languages the Member State of placing or making available requires, and issue a single declaration where several Union acts apply. Art. 8(2) and Art. 18
  • Affix the CE marking visibly, legibly and indelibly to the article, or to its packaging and accompanying documents where that is not possible, before placing it on the market, followed by the notified body number where that body is involved in production control. Art. 8(2), Art. 19 and Art. 20
  • Label articles other than those for vehicles visibly, legibly and indelibly in the official language or languages of the Member State where the article is made available to the consumer, with at least your name, registered trade name or trade mark and postal contact address and, where you are not established in the Union, also the importer's, the name and type of the article, its registration number and its product, batch or serial number, the minimum age limits, the category, instructions for use, the net explosive content, the year of production for F3 and F4 fireworks and, where appropriate, a minimum safety distance, plus the wording required per category, from 'for outdoor use only' on F2 and F3 to 'for use only by persons with specialist knowledge' on F4 and T2; where there is not enough space the information goes on the smallest piece of packaging. Art. 10(1) to (5)
  • Label pyrotechnic articles for vehicles under Article 11: your manufacturer information, the name and type of the article, its registration number, its product, batch or serial number and, where necessary, the safety instructions, on the packaging where there is no room. Art. 11(1) and (2)
  • Supply professional users of vehicle articles with a REACH safety data sheet that takes account of their specific needs, in the language they request, on paper or electronically. Art. 11(3)
  • Keep the technical documentation and the EU declaration of conformity for 10 years after the article was placed on the market. Art. 8(3)
  • Keep procedures in place for series production to remain in conformity, taking account of changes in design and in the referenced standards or other technical specifications. Art. 8(4)
  • Where the risks warrant it and the competent authorities make a duly justified request, sample-test articles on the market, investigate, keep a register of complaints, non-conforming articles and recalls where necessary, and keep distributors informed. Art. 8(4)
  • Indicate your name, registered trade name or registered trade mark and a single postal contact address on the article, or on its packaging or in an accompanying document, in a language easily understood by end users and market surveillance authorities. Art. 8(6)
  • Ensure the article is accompanied by clear instructions and safety information in a language determined by the Member State concerned. Art. 8(7)
  • Immediately bring a non-conforming article into conformity, withdraw it or recall it, and inform the competent national authorities of every Member State where you made it available when it presents a risk. Art. 8(8)
  • Provide the information and documentation demonstrating conformity on reasoned request, and cooperate with the competent authorities on measures to eliminate the risks posed by your articles. Art. 8(9)
  • Be able to identify to the market surveillance authorities who supplied you and whom you supplied, for 10 years. Art. 15
Importer12
  • Place only compliant pyrotechnic articles on the market, and before placing an article on the market ensure that the manufacturer carried out the appropriate Article 17 conformity assessment procedure, drew up the technical documentation, that the article bears the CE marking and is accompanied by the required documents, and that the manufacturer applied the Article 10 or Article 11 labelling and the Article 8(6) identification and address; where you believe an article does not meet the Annex I essential safety requirements, do not place it on the market until it has been brought into conformity, and where it presents a risk inform the manufacturer and the market surveillance authorities. Art. 12(1) and Art. 12(2)
  • Indicate your name, registered trade name or registered trade mark and the postal address at which you can be contacted on the article or, where that is not possible, on its packaging or in a document accompanying it, in a language easily understood by end users and market surveillance authorities. Art. 12(3)
  • Ensure the article is accompanied by instructions and safety information in a language easily understood by consumers and other end users as determined by the Member State concerned, which in Denmark is Danish. Art. 12(4)§ 20 and § 21
  • Ensure that storage and transport conditions while the article is under your responsibility do not jeopardise its compliance with the Annex I essential safety requirements. Art. 12(5)
  • Keep a record of all registration numbers of the articles you import together with their trade name, generic type and subtype where relevant and the site of manufacture, for at least 10 years after the article was placed on the market, make that information available to the relevant authorities on reasoned request, and transfer the record to the competent authorities if you cease your activity. Art. 9(2)Art. 3
  • Where the risks warrant it and the competent authorities make a duly justified request, sample-test articles on the market, investigate, keep a register of complaints, non-conforming articles and recalls where necessary, and keep distributors informed. Art. 12(6)
  • Where an article you placed on the market does not conform, immediately take corrective measures, withdraw or recall it, and where it presents a risk immediately inform the competent national authorities of the Member States where you made it available. Art. 12(7)
  • Keep a copy of the EU declaration of conformity at the disposal of the market surveillance authorities for 10 years after placing on the market, and ensure the technical documentation can be made available to them on request. Art. 12(8)
  • Provide the information and documentation demonstrating conformity on reasoned request in a language the authority easily understands, and cooperate on risk-elimination measures. Art. 12(9)
  • Be able to identify to the market surveillance authorities who supplied you and whom you supplied, for 10 years. Art. 15
  • Observe the age limits and the specialist-knowledge restriction: do not make F1 fireworks available to persons under 12, F2 under 16, F3 under 18, or T1 theatrical articles and P1 other articles under 18, make F4 fireworks, T2 theatrical articles and P2 other articles available only to persons with specialist knowledge, and do not make P1 vehicle articles including airbag and seat-belt pretensioner systems available to the general public unless they are built into a vehicle or a detachable vehicle part. Art. 7(1), (3) and (4)
  • If you place an article on the market under your own name or trademark, or modify an article already placed on the market in such a way that compliance with the directive may be affected, you take on the manufacturer's obligations under Article 8. Art. 14
Distributor (wholesaler, retailer or display company supplying articles)8
  • Act with due care in relation to the requirements of the directive and, before making an article available on the market, verify that it bears the CE marking, that it is accompanied by the required documents and by instructions and safety information in a language easily understood by consumers and other end users in the Member State concerned, and that the manufacturer and the importer applied their labelling and their identification and address; where you believe an article does not meet the Annex I essential safety requirements, do not make it available until it has been brought into conformity, and where it presents a risk inform the manufacturer or the importer and the market surveillance authorities. Art. 13(1) and Art. 13(2)
  • Ensure that storage and transport conditions while an article is under your responsibility do not jeopardise its compliance with the Annex I essential safety requirements. Art. 13(3)
  • Where an article you made available does not conform, make sure corrective measures, withdrawal or recall are taken, and where it presents a risk immediately inform the competent national authorities of the Member States where you made it available. Art. 13(4)
  • On reasoned request provide the information and documentation demonstrating conformity, and cooperate on risk-elimination measures. Art. 13(5)
  • Observe the minimum age limits of 12 years for F1, 16 years for F2, 18 years for F3 and 18 years for T1 and P1, supply F4, T2 and P2 only to persons with specialist knowledge, and do not supply P1 vehicle articles to the general public unless they are built into a vehicle or a detachable vehicle part; Member States may raise these limits and may lower them for people who are undergoing or have completed vocational training. Art. 7(1) to (4)
  • In Denmark, sell consumer fireworks, which are only categories F1 and F2, to persons aged 18 or over, or 15 or over for category F1, display clear signage of those age limits, sell other pyrotechnic articles of category P1 only to persons aged 18 or over, keep assortments of consumer fireworks at or below 5 kg net explosive content per sale, avoid self-service except for the listed small F1 articles, and keep fireworks in retail sales rooms and sales points only from 15 to 31 December, with the stock in unbroken transport packaging in an adjoining approved store from 24 November to 14 December and again from 1 January to 1 February; category F3, F4, T1 and T2 articles are professional in Denmark and may only be supplied for use by approved fest- or scenefyrværkere. § 20, stk. 2 to 5, § 24, § 25, § 26 and § 28 a§ 3, § 4 and § 5
  • Be able to identify to the market surveillance authorities every economic operator who supplied you with a pyrotechnic article and every economic operator to whom you supplied one, for 10 years after you were supplied and for 10 years after you supplied. Art. 15
  • If you make an article available under your own name or trademark, or modify an article already placed on the market in such a way that compliance may be affected, you take on the manufacturer's obligations under Article 8. Art. 14
Fulfilment service provider acting as the responsible operator5
  • Where no manufacturer, importer or authorised representative established in the Union is responsible for a pyrotechnic article, you become the economic operator established in the Union without whom the article may not be placed on the market, because the directive is one of the acts listed in Article 4(5) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and point 45 of its Annex I. Art. 4(1), Art. 4(2)(d), Art. 4(5) and Annex I point 45
  • Verify that the EU declaration of conformity and the technical documentation have been drawn up. Art. 4(3)(a)
  • Keep the EU declaration of conformity at the disposal of the market surveillance authorities for 10 years after the article was placed on the market, and ensure the technical documentation can be made available on request. Art. 4(3)(a)Art. 8(3)
  • Provide the market surveillance authority, on reasoned request, with all information and documentation necessary to demonstrate the article's conformity in a language it easily understands, inform the authorities when you have reason to believe an article presents a risk, and cooperate with them, including by making sure the immediate corrective action needed to remedy non-compliance is taken or, where that is not possible, that the risks are mitigated. Art. 4(3)(b), (c) and (d)
  • Have your name, registered trade name or registered trade mark and contact details including the postal address indicated on the article, on its packaging, on the parcel or in an accompanying document, without prejudice to the manufacturer's and importer's own identification duties under the directive. Art. 4(4)
Authorised representative under Regulation (EU) 2019/10206
  • Act only under a written mandate from the manufacturer that at least lets you perform the tasks of Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 for the pyrotechnic articles covered, and provide a copy of that mandate to the market surveillance authority on request, in a Union language determined by that authority. Art. 4(2)(c), Art. 5(1) and Art. 5(2)
  • Verify that the EU declaration of conformity and the technical documentation have been drawn up. Art. 4(3)(a)
  • Keep the EU declaration of conformity at the disposal of the market surveillance authorities for 10 years after the article was placed on the market, and ensure the technical documentation can be made available on request. Art. 4(3)(a)Art. 8(3)
  • Provide conformity information and documentation on reasoned request in a language the authority easily understands, inform the authorities when you have reason to believe an article presents a risk, and cooperate on corrective and risk-mitigation action. Art. 4(3)(b) to (d)
  • Have your name, registered trade name or trade mark and contact details including the postal address indicated on the article, its packaging, the parcel or an accompanying document. Art. 4(4)
  • Do not treat the mandate as transferring the manufacturer's own duties: the directive places the design and manufacture to the Annex I essential safety requirements, the technical documentation, the conformity assessment, the EU declaration of conformity, the CE marking, the registration number and the labelling on the manufacturer, and names only the manufacturer, the importer and the distributor as economic operators. Art. 3, point 12, Art. 8, Art. 9 and Art. 10

PyroD in plain terms

The Pyrotechnic Articles Directive (PyroD), formally Directive 2013/29/EU, is the EU’s law for anything that produces heat, light, sound, gas or smoke, or a combination of those effects, through self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions. That definition covers far more than fireworks: theatrical pyrotechnic articles for stage, film and television, ignition devices, electric igniters and fuses, and the gas generators that fire vehicle airbags and seat-belt pretensioners are all pyrotechnic articles (Art. 3, points 1 to 4). The directive sets the essential safety requirements such articles must fulfil before they are made available on the market, so that conforming articles move freely across the internal market while people, property and the environment are protected (Art. 1 and Art. 4(1)).

The 2013 text is a recast of Directive 2007/23/EC, aligned with the New Legislative Framework and carrying the economic operator duties, the traceability rules and the market surveillance procedures shared with the other CE-marking directives. It entered into force on 29 June 2013, the day after publication in OJ L 178; Member States had to transpose the main body by 30 June 2015 and apply it from 1 July 2015, when Directive 2007/23/EC was repealed (Art. 47 to Art. 49). One narrow provision ran earlier: the ban on detonative explosives in point 4 of Annex I had to be published by 3 October 2013 and applied from 4 July 2013 (Art. 47(2) and Art. 48). The directive has never been amended, and the six corrigenda recorded on EUR-Lex concern other language versions, not the English text.

Official text Read the directive on EUR-Lex: Directive 2013/29/EU (CELEX 32013L0029). No consolidated version exists because the directive has never been amended; the document information page lists the corrigenda, the dates and the repeal of Directive 2007/23/EC. The traceability rules are in Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU.

Scope

The directive applies to pyrotechnic articles (Art. 2(1)) and excludes seven things, each of them completely rather than from single requirements (Art. 2(2)): articles intended for non-commercial use by the armed forces, the police or fire departments in accordance with national law; equipment within the scope of Directive 96/98/EC, which the Marine Equipment Directive 2014/90/EU replaced from 18 September 2016, so the reference is read as that directive; articles for use in the aerospace industry; percussion caps intended specifically for toys within the scope of the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC; explosives within the scope of Directive 93/15/EEC, which the Civil Explosives Directive 2014/28/EU replaced from 20 April 2016, so that reference is read as 2014/28/EU; ammunition, meaning projectiles, propelling charges and blank ammunition used in portable firearms, other guns and artillery (Art. 3, point 5); and fireworks a manufacturer builds for his own use, approved by the Member State where he is established for use only on its territory and remaining there. The last exclusion needs all three conditions at once, so an own-use firework that is supplied to anyone else or leaves the country is back inside the directive.

Two derogations sit next to the exclusions. Non-conforming articles may be shown and used at trade fairs, exhibitions and demonstrations for the marketing of pyrotechnic articles, behind a visible sign naming the event and stating the non-conformity and non-availability for sale until the article is brought into conformity, with appropriate safety measures in accordance with the competent authority’s requirements; and non-conforming articles made for research, development and testing may move and be used freely under a visible sign stating their non-conformity and non-availability for other purposes (Art. 4(3) and (4)). Neither permits sale.

The duties fall on three economic operators only: the manufacturer, the importer and the distributor (Art. 3, point 12). Unlike most New Legislative Framework directives, PyroD has no authorised representative. The requirement that someone established in the Union be responsible for the article comes from outside, from Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, which lists the directive in Article 4(5) and in point 45 of its Annex I; only where no manufacturer or importer is established in the Union does an authorised representative under a written mandate, and after that a fulfilment service provider, take on those tasks. An importer or distributor that sells under its own brand, or modifies an article already placed on the market so that compliance may be affected, is treated as the manufacturer (Art. 14).

Member States keep two national levers. They may prohibit or restrict the possession, use or sale to the general public of category F2 and F3 fireworks, theatrical articles and other pyrotechnic articles on grounds of public order, security, health and safety or environmental protection (Art. 4(2)), and they may raise the age limits on the same grounds, or lower them for people undergoing or having completed vocational training (Art. 7(2)). Denmark has used both.

What you must do

Categories and age limits

The manufacturer categorises each article according to its type of use, or its purpose and level of hazard including noise level, and the notified body confirms the categorisation as part of the conformity assessment (Art. 6(1)). There are eight categories in three groups. Fireworks are category F1, very low hazard and negligible noise, intended for use in confined areas including inside domestic buildings; F2, low hazard and low noise, for outdoor use in confined areas; F3, medium hazard, for outdoor use in large open areas, with a noise level not harmful to human health; and F4, high hazard, for use only by persons with specialist knowledge, commonly called professional fireworks, again with a noise level not harmful to human health. Theatrical pyrotechnic articles are T1, low hazard for stage use, and T2, for use only by persons with specialist knowledge. Other pyrotechnic articles are P1, low hazard, and P2, for handling or use only by persons with specialist knowledge. Member States tell the Commission how they identify and authorise persons with specialist knowledge (Art. 6(2)).

The age limits follow the category: articles may not be made available to persons below 12 years for F1, 16 years for F2, 18 years for F3, and 18 years for theatrical articles of category T1 and other articles of category P1 (Art. 7(1)). Manufacturers, importers and distributors may make F4 fireworks, T2 theatrical articles and P2 other articles available only to persons with specialist knowledge (Art. 7(3)). Category P1 articles for vehicles, including airbag and seat-belt pretensioner systems, may not be made available to the general public unless they have been incorporated in a vehicle or a detachable vehicle part (Art. 7(4)).

Essential safety requirements

Every article must meet the essential safety requirements of Annex I. It must attain the performance characteristics the manufacturer specified to the notified body, be capable of safe disposal with minimum environmental effect, and function correctly when used for its intended purpose, tested under realistic conditions or, where a laboratory cannot reproduce them, in the conditions of use. The test programme covers ten headings where relevant: design, construction and characteristic properties including the detailed chemical composition and dimensions; physical and chemical stability in all normal foreseeable environmental conditions; sensitivity to normal foreseeable handling and transport; compatibility of all components as regards chemical stability; resistance to moisture and to low and high temperatures where relevant; safety features preventing untimely or inadvertent initiation or ignition; suitable instructions and markings for safe handling, storage, use including safety distances and disposal; resistance of the article, its wrapping and other components to deterioration in normal foreseeable storage; and the specification of all devices and accessories needed with operating instructions (Annex I, points 1 to 3).

Articles must not contain detonative explosives other than black powder and flash composition, except for P1, P2, T2 and F4 articles that meet the conditions in point 4: the detonative explosive cannot be easily extracted; a P1 article cannot function in a detonative manner or initiate secondary explosives; and an F4, T2 or P2 article is designed and intended not to detonate or, if designed to detonate, cannot initiate secondary explosives. Group-specific rules follow in point 5. For fireworks the safety distance must be at least 1 m for F1, 8 m for F2 and 15 m for F3, with less allowed where appropriate; the maximum noise level at the safety distance must not exceed 120 dB (A, imp) or an equivalent level measured another way; category F1 must not comprise bangers, banger batteries, flash bangers or flash banger batteries, and F1 throwdowns must not contain more than 2,5 mg silver fulminate. Fireworks must be built of materials that minimise the risk from debris, must show or state the method of ignition, must not move erratically and unforeseeably, and must be protected against inadvertent ignition, for F1 to F3 by a protective cover, the packaging or the construction and for F4 by methods the manufacturer specifies. Other pyrotechnic articles must minimise risk in normal use and from debris on inadvertent initiation and must work until any use-by date. Ignition devices must initiate reliably, be protected against electrostatic discharge and, for electric igniters, against electromagnetic fields; fuse coverings must have adequate mechanical strength, and the burning times of fuses and the electrical characteristics and wire insulation of electric igniters must be supplied with the article (Annex I, point 5, sections A, B and C).

Harmonised standards and the 2025 gap

Articles that conform to harmonised standards, or parts of them, whose references have been published in the Official Journal are presumed to conform to the essential safety requirements those standards cover (Art. 16). From 25 March 2025 that presumption is no longer available for consumer fireworks. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 of 20 February 2025 replaced the earlier list published as Communication 2017/C 149/01, and its Annex II withdrew the references to the EN 15947:2015 series for fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3 together with the terminology standards EN ISO 14451-1:2013, EN 16256-1:2012 and EN 16261-1:2012; those references continued to apply only until 24 March 2025. CEN had adopted an EN 15947:2022 series in October 2022, but the Commission told CEN in November 2023 that it would not cite parts 2 to 5 because they do not satisfy the standardisation request and do not implement the relevant essential safety requirements, and CEN confirmed it could not deliver new standards in the near future (Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337, recitals 4 to 7). The references still cited in Annex I are the EN ISO 14451 parts 2 to 10 for articles for vehicles, EN 16256 parts 2 to 5 for theatrical articles and EN 16261 parts 2 to 4 for category F4 fireworks. For F1, F2 and F3 fireworks the manufacturer must therefore demonstrate conformity with Annex I to the notified body directly, which makes the technical documentation and the test evidence the whole of the argument.

Conformity assessment with a notified body

Conformity is established by one of the Annex II procedures, at the manufacturer’s choice (Art. 17): EU-type examination (module B) followed by conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals (module C2), on quality assurance of the production process (module D) or on product quality assurance (module E); conformity based on unit verification (module G); or conformity based on full quality assurance (module H), which is open only for fireworks of category F4. Every route involves a notified body. The technical documentation lodged with a module B application must make it possible to assess conformity, include an adequate analysis and assessment of the risks, and cover design, manufacture and operation, with a general description, drawings, the standards applied or the solutions adopted instead, design calculations, examinations and test reports (Annex II, module B, point 3(c)). The manufacturer keeps a copy of the EU-type examination certificate with its annexes and additions, together with the technical documentation, at the disposal of the national authorities for 10 years after the article was placed on the market, and must tell the body holding the documentation of any modification to the approved type that may affect conformity or the certificate’s validity (Annex II, module B, points 7 and 9).

Member States notify the bodies authorised to carry out these tasks and designate a notifying authority, which may be a national accreditation body under Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 (Art. 21 and Art. 22). The Commission assigns each body a single identification number and publishes and maintains the list (Art. 30). Bodies must carry out assessments proportionately, taking account of the size of the undertaking, the sector, the structure, the complexity of the technology and the serial nature of production, without lowering the required rigour (Art. 33(2)). In Denmark the manufacturer must use a body designated by Sikkerhedsstyrelsen or by another Member State; the Danish designation requires accreditation by DANAK, and using a body that is not designated is a criminal offence (executive order nr. 1799/2021, § 37, § 44, § 45 and § 59, nr. 16).

Registration number and traceability

To make articles traceable, manufacturers label them with a registration number assigned by the notified body that carried out the conformity assessment, numbered according to a uniform system determined by the Commission (Art. 9(1)). That system is Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU. The number is built from the four-digit identification number of the notified body that issued the type-examination certificate (module B), the certificate of conformity (module G) or the quality system approval (module H); the category of the article in abbreviated upper case form, F1, F2, F3, F4, T1, T2, P1 or P2; and the processing number the body uses for the article, written XXXX-YY-ZZZZ (2014/58/EU, Art. 1). The implementing directive was adopted under Directive 2007/23/EC and still cites Article 9 of that directive; since the repeal on 1 July 2015 those references are read as Article 17 of Directive 2013/29/EU, per the repeal clause and the correlation table (Art. 48 and Annex V).

Notified bodies keep a register of the articles for which they have issued those certificates and approvals, in the format of the annex to the implementing directive, with the registration number, the date of issue and expiry, the manufacturer, the generic type and subtype, the production-phase module and the body carrying out production-phase assessment. They keep the information for at least 10 years from the date of issue, update the register regularly, make it publicly available on the internet, and transfer it to another notified body or the competent authority if their notification is withdrawn (2014/58/EU, Art. 2; Art. 33(3)). Manufacturers and importers keep their own record of all registration numbers of the articles they manufacture or import, with the trade name, the generic type and subtype where applicable and the site of manufacture, for at least 10 years after the article was placed on the market, transfer it to the competent authorities if they cease activity, and provide it on reasoned request to the competent and market surveillance authorities of any Member State (Art. 9(2); 2014/58/EU, Art. 3).

Declaration, CE marking and labelling

The EU declaration of conformity states that the Annex I essential safety requirements have been met, follows the model structure of Annex III, contains the elements of the modules used and is continuously updated, and is translated into the languages required by the Member State where the article is placed or made available on the market; where several Union acts require a declaration, a single declaration covers them all, and by drawing it up the manufacturer assumes responsibility for compliance (Art. 18). Annex III asks for the registration number under Article 9, the product, batch or serial number, the manufacturer’s name and address, the object of the declaration identified so it can be traced, the Union harmonisation legislation it conforms to, the harmonised standards or other technical specifications used, and the notified body’s name, number, intervention and certificate. In Denmark the declaration follows a model set in the Danish order (executive order nr. 1799/2021, § 39 and § 40).

The CE marking is subject to the general principles of Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 and is affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the article or, where that is not possible or not warranted by the nature of the article, to the packaging and the accompanying documents, before the article is placed on the market; it is followed by the identification number of the notified body where that body is involved in the production control phase, affixed by the body or under its instructions, and both may be followed by any other mark indicating a special risk or use (Art. 19 and Art. 20).

Articles other than those for vehicles are labelled visibly, legibly and indelibly in the official language or languages of the Member State where the article is made available to the consumer, clearly, understandably and intelligibly (Art. 10(1)). The minimum content is the manufacturer information and, where the manufacturer is not established in the Union, the importer information as well; the name and type of the article; its registration number and its product, batch or serial number; the minimum age limits; the relevant category; instructions for use; the year of production for F3 and F4 fireworks; where appropriate a minimum safety distance; and the net explosive content (Art. 10(2)). Fireworks add category-specific wording: ‘for outdoor use only’ and a minimum safety distance where appropriate for F1; ‘for outdoor use only’ and, where appropriate, minimum safety distances for F2; ‘for outdoor use only’ and minimum safety distances for F3; and ‘for use only by persons with specialist knowledge’ with minimum safety distances for F4. Theatrical articles add ‘for outdoor use only’ with minimum safety distances where appropriate for T1, and ‘for use only by persons with specialist knowledge’ with minimum safety distances for T2 (Art. 10(3) and (4)). Where there is not enough space on the article, the information goes on the smallest piece of packaging (Art. 10(5)).

Articles for vehicles follow a shorter list: the manufacturer information, the name and type of the article, its registration number and its product, batch or serial number and, where necessary, the safety instructions, moved to the packaging where there is no room; and a REACH safety data sheet drawn up under Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 that takes account of the specific needs of professional users must be supplied to them in the language they request, on paper or electronically where the user can access it (Art. 11).

Obligations by role

Manufacturers categorise the article, design and manufacture it to Annex I, draw up the technical documentation and have the conformity assessment carried out, draw up the declaration and affix the CE marking, keep the documentation and declaration for 10 years, keep series production in conformity taking account of changes in design and in the standards referenced, sample-test and keep a complaints register where the risks warrant it and the authorities make a duly justified request, label the article under Article 10 or Article 11 with the registration number, mark their name and address, supply instructions and safety information in a language the Member State determines, take corrective action and inform the authorities where an article presents a risk, and cooperate on reasoned request (Art. 8). Importers place only compliant articles on the market, verify the assessment, documentation, CE marking, accompanying documents and manufacturer identification, add their own name and address, ensure the instructions, protect the article in storage and transport, sample-test where warranted, take corrective action, and keep a copy of the declaration for 10 years while ensuring the documentation can be produced (Art. 12). Distributors act with due care, verify the CE marking, documents, instructions and operator identification before making an article available, protect it in storage and transport, see that corrective action is taken, and provide information on reasoned request (Art. 13). Every economic operator must be able to identify who supplied it and whom it supplied for 10 years after the supply (Art. 15). Since 16 July 2021 Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 also requires an economic operator established in the Union for every pyrotechnic article placed on the market (Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art. 4).

Fireworks in Denmark

Denmark regulates pyrotechnic articles on two levels. Executive order nr. 1799 of 9 September 2021 transposes parts of the directive and of the traceability implementing directive and carries the product requirements; executive order nr. 1798 of the same date carries the national rules on import, manufacture, storage, transfer, acquisition and use. Both rest on the product act, and the fireworks act adds a licence from Erhvervsstyrelsen, or from a body it authorises, for manufacture, assembly and import and a permit from the municipal council for storage, transfer, acquisition and use (LBK nr. 23/2026, § 1 and § 2).

The Danish categories mirror the directive but restrict use further. Consumer fireworks are only categories F1 and F2; category F3 is defined as intended for use only by approved festfyrværkere, and theatrical articles of both T1 and T2 as intended for use only by persons approved as scene- or festfyrværker, so professional fireworks in Denmark are F3, F4, T1 and T2 (executive order nr. 1799/2021, § 3, § 4 and § 5). A transition let F3 articles that had been consumer fireworks under the 2009 order remain available to consumers until 1 October 2025; that has now ended (§ 61). Certain F2 articles may not be placed on the market at all, among them articles that can be confused with distress signals (§ 8).

Consumer fireworks may be sold only to persons aged 18 or over, and category F1 fireworks to persons aged 15 or over, with clear signage of both limits at the point of sale; other pyrotechnic articles of category P1 may be sold only to persons aged 18 or over; assortments may not exceed 5 kg net explosive content; and self-service is forbidden except for a listed set of small F1 items such as bengal torches, ice fountains, sparklers and party poppers (executive order nr. 1798/2021, § 24, § 25, § 26 and § 28 a). Fireworks may be present in retail sales rooms and sales points only from 15 to 31 December, must be kept in unbroken transport packaging in an adjoining approved store from 24 November to 14 December and again from 1 January to 1 February, and none of that applies to category F1 (§ 20). Since 1 July 2024 consumers may use consumer fireworks only on 31 December and 1 January, down from 27 December to 1 January, with retail outlets and approved fest- or scenefyrværkere allowed to use them from 27 to 30 December to demonstrate articles as part of the sale (lov nr. 637/2024, § 1, nr. 1; executive order nr. 730/2024, § 1, nr. 4 and 5). Labelling under the Danish order, and the instructions and safety information that go with the article, must be in Danish (executive order nr. 1799/2021, § 14, § 20 and § 33).

Enforcement and penalties

Article 38(2) applies Article 15(3) and Articles 16 to 29 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 to pyrotechnic articles; those articles were replaced by Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 from 16 July 2021, which lists the directive as point 45 of its Annex I, so the reference is read as that regulation. Where an authority has sufficient reason to believe an article presents a risk to the health or safety of persons or to other public interests the directive protects, it evaluates the article, requires the economic operator to take corrective action, withdraw or recall it within a reasonable period commensurate with the nature of the risk, informs the relevant notified body and, if the operator does not act, takes provisional measures to prohibit or restrict the making available, withdraw or recall the article and informs the Commission and the other Member States; a provisional measure that draws no objection within three months is deemed justified (Art. 39). The Commission decides disputed national measures through the Union safeguard procedure and, where the non-compliance follows from a shortcoming in a harmonised standard, applies Article 11 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 (Art. 40). Compliant articles that still present a risk can be treated the same way (Art. 41). Formal non-compliance, a CE marking affixed in violation of Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 or of Article 20, a missing CE marking, a missing or wrongly affixed notified body number, a missing or incorrectly drawn-up EU declaration of conformity, technical documentation that is unavailable or incomplete, absent, false or incomplete manufacturer or importer identification, or any other administrative requirement of Article 8 or Article 12 left unfulfilled, must be ended and otherwise leads to restriction, prohibition, withdrawal or recall (Art. 42). Member States also inform the Commission annually about their market surveillance activities (Art. 38(3)).

Penalties are set nationally: Member States lay down effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for infringements by economic operators of their transposing laws, which may include criminal penalties for serious infringements (Art. 45). In Denmark the product act lists the directive in section 2 as point 10 and names Erhvervsstyrelsen as the control authority, with orders to warn users, stop misleading marketing, remedy, stop sales, withdraw, recall or destroy, prohibitions on placing on the market, and fines rising to imprisonment of up to 2 years in aggravating circumstances (LBK nr. 22/2026, § 2, § 9, § 14, § 16 and § 37). Executive order nr. 1799/2021 adds its own penalty provision: a fine for placing non-compliant articles on the market, missing labelling, missing documentation, failing to keep or hand over the register of registration numbers, missing notifications, missing Danish instructions and safety information, failing to take corrective action, storage or transport that jeopardises compliance, a missing safety data sheet for vehicle articles and using a notified body that Sikkerhedsstyrelsen or another Member State has not designated; imprisonment of up to 2 years in aggravating circumstances such as danger to safety or health, an accident causing serious injury or death, repetition, systematic infringement for financial gain or attempts to evade control; a separate fine for intentional or grossly negligent misuse of the CE marking where an economic advantage was obtained or intended; and corporate criminal liability (§ 59). The fireworks act punishes manufacture, assembly or import without a licence, storage, transfer, acquisition or use without a permit from the municipal council and, since 1 July 2024, the sale or use of consumer fireworks outside the permitted periods, with a fine or, in aggravating circumstances, imprisonment of up to 2 years (LBK nr. 23/2026, § 7). Since January 2026 Sikkerhedsstyrelsen is the department Markedsovervågning of Erhvervsstyrelsen and carries out the same tasks.

The Commission’s evaluation of the directive, published on 19 September 2025, found it effective, efficient and relevant overall but named the widespread availability of dangerous fireworks, circumvention of the rules through mail-order sales, the lack of an effective traceability and transfer system and insufficient animal welfare protection as key problems, and said it would reflect on the results before deciding whether to launch a revision.

How Conphora helps

Conphora monitors the Pyrotechnic Articles Directive, the traceability implementing directive and the Official Journal list of harmonised standards, and maps your articles against the categories, the age limits, the module routes, the registration number format and the Article 10 and Article 11 labelling, flagging gaps in the technical documentation, the EU declaration of conformity, the CE marking and the notified body number before they become enforcement problems. The platform helps you build and keep the documentation, the registration-number record and the 10-year traceability records, combines the PyroD declaration with the REACH, ATEX and other obligations the same article may carry, and alerts you when a standard reference, a Danish executive order or the enforcement setup changes.

See how Conphora works · See plans and pricing

Sources

This guide is for general information and is not legal advice.

Penalties

Enforced by National market surveillance authorities enforce the national laws transposing the directive; Article 38(2) still cites Article 15(3) and Articles 16 to 29 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, read as Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 since 16 July 2021, whose Annex I lists the directive as point 45 and whose Article 4 requires an economic operator established in the Union for every pyrotechnic article placed on the market. In Denmark the directive and the traceability implementing directive are transposed by bekendtgørelse nr. 1799 of 9 September 2021 on requirements for fireworks and other pyrotechnic articles, as amended by bekendtgørelse nr. 729 of 12 June 2024, with the national rules on import, manufacture, storage, transfer, acquisition and use in bekendtgørelse nr. 1798 of 9 September 2021 as amended by bekendtgørelse nr. 730 of 12 June 2024, both issued under the product act (lov om produkter og markedsovervågning), which lists the directive in section 2 as point 10 and names Erhvervsstyrelsen as the control authority; the tasks are carried out by Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, since January 2026 the department Markedsovervågning of Erhvervsstyrelsen, which also designates the Danish notified bodies, while the fireworks act (lov om fyrværkeri og andre pyrotekniske artikler, consolidated as LBK nr. 23 of 8 January 2026) requires a licence from Erhvervsstyrelsen, or from a body it authorises, to manufacture, assemble or import, and a permit from the municipal council to store, transfer, acquire or use. The toolkit is corrective action, withdrawal or recall within a period commensurate with the risk, prohibition or restriction of the making available, orders to end formal non-compliance such as a missing or wrongly affixed CE marking, a missing notified body number, a missing or incorrect EU declaration of conformity, incomplete technical documentation or missing operator identification, and national penalties that must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive and may include criminal penalties for serious infringements.

Member States lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements by economic operators of the provisions of national law adopted pursuant to the directive and take all measures necessary to ensure that they are enforced; the penalties must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive and may include criminal penalties for serious infringements. Market surveillance authorities that have sufficient reason to believe an article presents a risk to the health or safety of persons or to other public interests the directive protects evaluate it, require the economic operator to take corrective action, withdraw the article or recall it within a period commensurate with the nature of the risk, inform the relevant notified body and, where the operator fails to act, take provisional measures to prohibit or restrict the making available, withdraw or recall the article and inform the Commission and the other Member States; a measure no Member State or the Commission objects to within three months is deemed justified, and the Union safeguard procedure settles disputed measures. Compliant articles that still present a risk can be treated the same way. Formal non-compliance, a CE marking affixed in breach of Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 or of Article 20, a missing CE marking, a missing or wrongly affixed notified body number, a missing or incorrectly drawn-up EU declaration of conformity, technical documentation that is unavailable or incomplete, absent, false or incomplete manufacturer or importer identification, or any other administrative requirement of Article 8 or Article 12 left unfulfilled, must be ended and otherwise leads to restriction, prohibition, withdrawal or recall. Since 16 July 2021 the surveillance powers come from Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, whose authorities can demand documents and supply-chain information, inspect and test products, require corrective action, prohibit the making available and have articles withdrawn, recalled or destroyed. In Denmark, executive order nr. 1799 of 9 September 2021 punishes with a fine the placing on the market or making available of non-conforming articles, missing labelling, missing documentation, a missing register of registration numbers, failure to hand that register to Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, missing notifications, missing instructions or safety information in Danish, failure to take corrective action, storage or transport that jeopardises compliance, a missing safety data sheet for vehicle articles, use of a notified body not designated by Sikkerhedsstyrelsen or another Member State, and breaches of the vehicle labelling rules, with imprisonment of up to 2 years in aggravating circumstances such as danger to safety or health, an accident with serious injury or death, repetition, systematic infringement for financial gain or attempts to evade control, and with a separate fine for intentional or grossly negligent misuse of the CE marking; corporate criminal liability applies. The product act adds orders to warn users, stop misleading marketing, remedy, stop sales, withdraw, recall or destroy, prohibitions on placing on the market and fines that rise to imprisonment of up to 2 years in aggravating circumstances, and the fireworks act (lov om fyrværkeri og andre pyrotekniske artikler, consolidated as LBK nr. 23 of 8 January 2026) punishes manufacture, assembly or import without a licence from Erhvervsstyrelsen, or from a body it authorises, and storage, transfer, acquisition or use without a permit from the municipal council, as well as the sale or use of consumer fireworks outside the permitted periods, with a fine or imprisonment of up to 2 years. Since January 2026 Sikkerhedsstyrelsen is the department Markedsovervågning of Erhvervsstyrelsen.

Source · Art. 39, Art. 40, Art. 41, Art. 42 and Art. 45Source · Art. 14, Art. 16, Art. 39 and Annex I point 45Source · § 59Source · § 2, stk. 1, nr. 10, § 9, § 14, § 16 and § 37Source · § 1, § 2 and § 7Source · § 1, nr. 4Source

What changed

Entry into force, amendments and Compliance Radar entries for PyroD, newest first.

  1. Guidance

    Guide rebuilt on the SPEC-62 model from the directive text

    The guide was rewritten from Directive 2013/29/EU, Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337, Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and the Danish executive orders nr. 1799/2021, nr. 1798/2021 and nr. 730/2024, the fireworks act and the product act. Four corrections were made to the earlier text: the conformity assessment routes are module B plus module C2, D or E, or module G, or module H for category F4 fireworks only, not the modules of a different directive; the registration number comes from the notified body and its format is set by Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU as the body's four-digit number, the category and the processing number, and it is the notified bodies rather than the Member States that keep the registers; the exclusions in Article 2(2) are seven and are quoted as they stand, with the references to Directive 96/98/EC and Directive 93/15/EEC read as Directive 2014/90/EU and Directive 2014/28/EU; and the age limits are stated in full, with 18 years for T1 and P1 added and the Danish tightening set out separately. The withdrawal of the harmonised standards for F1, F2 and F3 fireworks, the Danish sale and use periods and the placing of Sikkerhedsstyrelsen within Erhvervsstyrelsen are new.

    Source · Art. 2, Art. 7, Art. 9 and Art. 17
  2. Applies

    Danish transition for category F3 consumer fireworks ends

    Category F3 fireworks that had been covered by the consumer fireworks rules of the 2009 Danish order could be made available to consumers until 1 October 2025 under executive order nr. 1799/2021; from that date all F3 articles are professional fireworks in Denmark and may only be supplied for use by approved fest- or scenefyrværkere.

    Source · § 3, § 5 and § 61
  3. Guidance

    Commission publishes its evaluation of the directive

    The Commission's evaluation of Directive 2013/29/EU and the Civil Explosives Directive 2014/28/EU concluded that both are effective, efficient and relevant overall, while identifying the widespread availability of dangerous fireworks, circumvention of the rules through mail-order sales, the lack of an effective traceability and transfer system and insufficient animal welfare protection as key problems. The Commission said it would reflect on the results and decide whether to start a revision; no revision has been proposed.

    Source
  4. Guidance

    Harmonised standards for F1, F2 and F3 fireworks stop conferring presumption of conformity

    The references listed in Annex II to Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337, the EN 15947:2015 series for fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3 and the terminology standards EN ISO 14451-1:2013, EN 16256-1:2012 and EN 16261-1:2012, continued to apply only until 24 March 2025. Because the Commission declined to cite the EN 15947:2022 series, there is now no harmonised standard giving a presumption of conformity for consumer fireworks, and conformity with Annex I must be demonstrated to the notified body directly.

    Source · Art. 2, second paragraph, and Annex II
  5. Guidance

    Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 replaces the list of harmonised standards

    The decision publishes a single, complete list of references to harmonised standards drafted in support of the directive, the EN ISO 14451 parts 2 to 10 for vehicle articles, EN 16256 parts 2 to 5 for theatrical articles and EN 16261 parts 2 to 4 for category F4 fireworks, and repeals Commission Communication 2017/C 149/01. It entered into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal.

    Source · Art. 1, Art. 2, Art. 3 and Annex I
  6. Applies

    Denmark narrows the consumer use period and raises the age limit for category P1 articles

    Lov nr. 637 of 11 June 2024 changed section 2(4) of the fireworks act so that consumer fireworks may be used only on 31 December and 1 January instead of from 27 December to 1 January, and added a penalty for selling or using consumer fireworks outside the permitted periods. Executive order nr. 730 of 12 June 2024 carried the change into order nr. 1798/2021, added a rule that other pyrotechnic articles of category P1 may be sold only to persons aged 18 or over, and allowed retail outlets and approved fest- or scenefyrværkere to use consumer fireworks from 27 to 30 December to demonstrate articles as part of the sale; executive order nr. 729 of 12 June 2024 amends order nr. 1799/2021 at the same time, extending the fine provision to breaches of its § 17 and aligning the sales rule with the new § 28 a.

    Source · § 1, nr. 1 and 4, and § 10Source · § 1, nr. 2, 4, 5 and 6, and § 2
  7. Applies

    Danish executive orders nr. 1799 and nr. 1798 of 9 September 2021 in force

    Order nr. 1799 transposes parts of Directive 2013/29/EU and Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU, repeats the categories, the operator duties, the modules, the registration number, the CE marking and the Danish labelling rules, designates Sikkerhedsstyrelsen as the authority that appoints notified bodies and replaces order nr. 1423 of 16 December 2009; order nr. 1798 carries the national rules on import, manufacture, storage, transfer, acquisition and use, including the age limits, the retail period and the use period.

    Source · § 1, § 44 and § 60Source · § 20, § 25 and § 41
  8. Applies

    Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 replaces the market surveillance articles of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008

    Article 15(3) and Articles 16 to 29 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, which Article 38(2) of the directive cites, are replaced, and the directive is listed as point 45 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2019/1020. Article 4 of that regulation, which lists the directive in Article 4(5), requires an economic operator established in the Union for every pyrotechnic article placed on the market.

    Source · Art. 4(5), Art. 39, Art. 44 and Annex I point 45
  9. Applies

    The traceability system of Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU applies

    From this date Member States apply the uniform numbering system, so every pyrotechnic article is labelled with a registration number in the form XXXX-YY-ZZZZ, notified bodies keep and publish a register of the numbers they assign for at least 10 years, and manufacturers and importers keep records of the numbers with the trade name, generic type and subtype and site of manufacture for at least 10 years after the article was placed on the market.

    Source · Art. 1, Art. 2, Art. 3 and Art. 4(1)
  10. Applies

    Directive 2013/29/EU applies; Directive 2007/23/EC repealed

    Member States apply the transposing measures from 1 July 2015 and the articles listed in the second paragraph of Article 49, including the scope, the categories, the age limits and the conformity assessment procedures, apply from the same date. Directive 2007/23/EC is repealed with effect from 1 July 2015; articles conforming to it and placed on the market before that date may still be made available, and certificates issued under it remain valid.

    Source · Art. 46(1), Art. 46(5), Art. 47(1), Art. 48 and Art. 49
  11. In force

    Directive 2013/29/EU enters into force

    Adopted on 12 June 2013 as a recast of Directive 2007/23/EC aligned with the New Legislative Framework and published in OJ L 178 on 28 June 2013, the directive entered into force the day after publication. Member States had to publish the measures transposing point 4 of Annex I by 3 October 2013 and apply them from 4 July 2013, and to transpose the main body by 30 June 2015.

    Source · Art. 47, Art. 48 and Art. 49

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Regulation guides

Questions people ask about PyroD

When did the Pyrotechnic Articles Directive 2013/29/EU start to apply?

The recast directive was adopted on 12 June 2013, published in the Official Journal on 28 June 2013 and entered into force on 29 June 2013, the day after publication. A first, narrow transposition covered point 4 of Annex I, the rule on detonative explosives, which Member States had to publish by 3 October 2013 and apply from 4 July 2013. The main body had to be transposed by 30 June 2015 and applied from 1 July 2015, when Directive 2007/23/EC was repealed and the directly applicable articles took effect. The traceability rules of Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU had to be transposed by 30 April 2015 and applied from 17 October 2016. The directive has never been amended; its six corrigenda concern other language versions and not the English text.

Source · Art. 47, Art. 48 and Art. 49Source · Art. 4 and Art. 5Source
What are the categories F1, F2, F3, F4, T1, T2, P1 and P2 and what are the age limits?

The manufacturer categorises every article by its type of use, or its purpose and level of hazard including noise level, and the notified body confirms the categorisation as part of the conformity assessment. Fireworks are category F1, very low hazard and negligible noise for use in confined areas including inside domestic buildings; F2, low hazard and low noise for outdoor use in confined areas; F3, medium hazard for outdoor use in large open areas with a noise level not harmful to human health; and F4, high hazard for use only by persons with specialist knowledge. Theatrical pyrotechnic articles are T1, low hazard for stage use, and T2, for use only by persons with specialist knowledge. Other pyrotechnic articles are P1, low hazard, and P2, for handling or use only by persons with specialist knowledge. The minimum ages are 12 years for F1, 16 for F2, 18 for F3 and 18 for T1 and P1; F4, T2 and P2 go only to persons with specialist knowledge. Member States may raise the limits on grounds of public order, security or health and safety, and may lower them for people undergoing or having completed vocational training.

Source · Art. 6(1), Art. 7(1), Art. 7(2) and Art. 7(3)
Do I need a notified body under the Pyrotechnic Articles Directive?

Yes, for every pyrotechnic article in scope. The manufacturer chooses between EU-type examination (module B) followed by conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals (module C2), on quality assurance of the production process (module D) or on product quality assurance (module E); conformity based on unit verification (module G); or conformity based on full quality assurance (module H), which is available only for fireworks of category F4. Every route involves a notified body, and it is the notified body carrying out the assessment that assigns the article's registration number and keeps the public register of the numbers it has issued. In Denmark the body must be designated by Sikkerhedsstyrelsen or by another Member State, and using a body that is not costs a fine.

Source · Art. 17, Art. 33(3) and Annex IISource · § 37, § 44 and § 59, nr. 16
How is the registration number on a pyrotechnic article built up?

Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU sets the uniform numbering system. The registration number is the four-digit identification number of the notified body that issued the type-examination certificate under module B, the certificate of conformity under module G or the quality system approval under module H; the category of the article for which conformity is certified in abbreviated upper case form, F1, F2, F3, F4, T1, T2, P1 or P2; and the processing number the notified body uses for the article. It is written in the form XXXX-YY-ZZZZ. Notified bodies keep a register of the numbers they assign in the format of the annex to that implementing directive, keep the information for at least 10 years, update it regularly and publish it on the internet, and transfer it to another notified body or the competent authority if their notification is withdrawn. The implementing directive was issued under Directive 2007/23/EC and still cites its Article 9; since the repeal on 1 July 2015 those references are read as Article 17 of Directive 2013/29/EU.

Source · Art. 1, Art. 2 and the AnnexSource · Art. 9(1), Art. 43(a), Art. 48 and Annex V
Is there still a harmonised standard for consumer fireworks?

Not for categories F1, F2 and F3. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 of 20 February 2025 replaced the earlier list published as Communication 2017/C 149/01 and, in its Annex II, withdrew the references to the EN 15947:2015 series for fireworks of categories F1, F2 and F3 together with the terminology standards EN ISO 14451-1:2013, EN 16256-1:2012 and EN 16261-1:2012; those references continued to confer a presumption of conformity only until 24 March 2025. CEN had adopted an EN 15947:2022 series, but the Commission told CEN in November 2023 that it would not cite parts 2 to 5 because they do not implement the essential safety requirements. The standards still cited in Annex I are the EN ISO 14451 parts 2 to 10 for vehicle articles, EN 16256 parts 2 to 5 for theatrical articles and EN 16261 parts 2 to 4 for category F4 fireworks. For F1, F2 and F3 the manufacturer must therefore demonstrate conformity with Annex I directly to the notified body.

Source · recitals 4 to 7, Art. 1, Art. 2, Annex I and Annex II
Which pyrotechnic articles are outside the directive?

Article 2(2) lists seven exclusions: pyrotechnic articles intended for non-commercial use, in accordance with national law, by the armed forces, the police or fire departments; equipment falling within the scope of Directive 96/98/EC, read as the Marine Equipment Directive 2014/90/EU since 18 September 2016; pyrotechnic articles intended for use in the aerospace industry; percussion caps intended specifically for toys falling within the scope of the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC; explosives falling within the scope of Directive 93/15/EEC, read as the Civil Explosives Directive 2014/28/EU since 20 April 2016; ammunition, meaning projectiles, propelling charges and blank ammunition used in portable firearms, other guns and artillery; and fireworks built by a manufacturer for his own use, approved for use exclusively on its territory by the Member State where the manufacturer is established and remaining on that territory. Each exclusion takes the article out of the directive as a whole, but other Union and national law still applies.

Source · Art. 2(2) and Art. 3, point 5Source · Art. 45Source · Art. 51
Who enforces the rules on fireworks in Denmark and what may be sold and used when?

The product act lists the directive in section 2 as point 10 and names Erhvervsstyrelsen as the control authority; the tasks are carried out by Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, since January 2026 the department Markedsovervågning of Erhvervsstyrelsen, which also designates the Danish notified bodies. Executive order nr. 1799 of 9 September 2021 transposes the directive and the traceability implementing directive, and executive order nr. 1798 of the same date carries the national rules. In Denmark consumer fireworks are only categories F1 and F2; F3, F4, T1 and T2 count as professional and may only be used by approved fest- or scenefyrværkere. Consumer fireworks may be sold to persons aged 18 or over, or 15 or over for category F1, and other pyrotechnic articles of category P1 only to persons aged 18 or over. Fireworks may be present in retail sales rooms and sales points only from 15 to 31 December, and since 1 July 2024 consumers may use them only on 31 December and 1 January, while retail outlets and approved fest- or scenefyrværkere may use consumer fireworks from 27 to 30 December to demonstrate articles as part of the sale. Manufacture, assembly and import need a licence from Erhvervsstyrelsen under section 1 of the fireworks act, and storage, transfer, acquisition and use need a permit from the municipal council under its section 2; the act also fixes the retail season, 15 to 31 December, and the consumer use days, 31 December and 1 January, in sections 2(3) and 2(4).

Source · § 2, stk. 1, nr. 10, and § 9Source · § 3, § 4, § 5 and § 44Source · § 20, § 25, § 28 a, § 41 and § 41 aSource · § 1, nr. 2, 4 and 5Source · § 1 and § 2
How long must I keep the documentation and the traceability records?

Manufacturers keep the technical documentation and the EU declaration of conformity for 10 years after the article was placed on the market, and importers keep a copy of the declaration at the disposal of the market surveillance authorities for the same period while ensuring the technical documentation can be produced on request. Manufacturers and importers keep a record of all registration numbers of the articles they manufacture or import, together with the trade name, the generic type and subtype where applicable and the site of manufacture, for at least 10 years after the article was placed on the market, transfer the record to the competent authorities if they cease their activity and provide it on reasoned request to the competent and market surveillance authorities of any Member State. Every economic operator must be able to identify who supplied it and whom it supplied for 10 years after the supply. Notified bodies keep their register of registration numbers for at least 10 years from the date the certificate or approval was issued.

Source · Art. 8(3), Art. 9(2), Art. 12(8) and Art. 15Source · Art. 2(1) and Art. 3

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Sources

  1. Directive 2013/29/EU on pyrotechnic articles as published in OJ L 178, 28 June 2013 (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0029
  2. Document information, dates, corrigenda and relationships for CELEX 32013L0029 (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32013L0029
  3. Commission Implementing Directive 2014/58/EU setting up a system for the traceability of pyrotechnic articles (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0058
  4. Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles, repealed from 1 July 2015 (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007L0023
  5. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/337 on the harmonised standards for pyrotechnic articles (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025D0337
  6. Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 on market surveillance and compliance of products (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1020
  7. Directive 2014/28/EU on explosives for civil uses, which took over the exclusion in Article 2(2)(e) (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0028
  8. Directive 2014/90/EU on marine equipment, which took over the exclusion in Article 2(2)(b) (EUR-Lex) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0090
  9. Harmonised standards for pyrotechnic articles (European Commission, DG GROW) https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/pyrotechnic-articles_en
  10. Commission publishes evaluations of EU rules on pyrotechnics and civil explosives, 19 September 2025 (European Commission, DG GROW) https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-evaluations-eu-rules-pyrotechnics-and-civil-explosives-2025-09-19_en
  11. Bekendtgørelse nr. 1799 af 9. september 2021 om krav til fyrværkeri og andre pyrotekniske artikler (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2021/1799
  12. Bekendtgørelse nr. 1798 af 9. september 2021 om indførsel, fremstilling, opbevaring, overdragelse, erhvervelse og anvendelse af fyrværkeri og andre pyrotekniske artikler (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2021/1798
  13. Bekendtgørelse nr. 729 af 12. juni 2024 om ændring af bekendtgørelse nr. 1799 (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2024/729
  14. Bekendtgørelse nr. 730 af 12. juni 2024 om ændring af bekendtgørelse nr. 1798 (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2024/730
  15. Lov nr. 637 af 11. juni 2024, which narrowed the Danish period for using consumer fireworks (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2024/637
  16. Bekendtgørelse af lov om fyrværkeri og andre pyrotekniske artikler, LBK nr. 23 af 8. januar 2026 (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2026/23
  17. Bekendtgørelse af lov om produkter og markedsovervågning, LBK nr. 22 af 8. januar 2026 (Retsinformation) https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2026/22
  18. Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, en del af Erhvervsstyrelsen from January 2026 (Erhvervsstyrelsen) https://erhvervsstyrelsen.dk/sikkerhedsstyrelsen-en-del-af-erhvervsstyrelsen

About this guide

Reviewed by
Conphora compliance team, Compliance editors, Conphora
Reviewed
24 September 2026
Next review
13 March 2027

Written from the official text on EUR-Lex and the Commission’s guidance, with a source for every fact. It is not legal advice.

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Conphora (2026). PyroD: Pyrotechnic Articles Directive (Directive 2013/29/EU), explained. Retrieved 13 October 2026 from https://www.conphora.com/regulations/pyrod/
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